Книга: Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Оглавление книги
- Preface
- 1. Basic microprocessor systems
- The microprocessor was born
- Let’s start by looking at a system
- A microprocessor system
- His and hers garage door opener
- The physical appearance of a microprocessor
- Terminology
- Quiz time 1
- 2. Binary – the way micros count
- The noise problem
- A complete cure for electrical noise
- Thermal noise
- Partition noise
- How much noise can we put up with?
- Using just two digits
- How do we count?
- The basic basis of bases
- Counting with only two figures
- Confusion and the cure
- Converting denary to binary
- Converting binary to denary
- Bits, bytes and other things
- Quiz time 2
- 3. Hexadecimal – the way we communicate with micros
- The only problem with binary
- Hexadecimal, or ‘hex’ to its friends
- Converting denary to hex
- Converting hex to denary
- Converting binary to hex
- Converting hex to binary
- Obsolete octal – probably not worth reading
- Quiz time 3
- 4. How micros calculate
- How the microprocessor handles numbers (and letters)
- Signed magnitude numbers
- Complementary numbers
- Addition
- Subtraction
- A quick way to find the two’s complement of a binary number
- Floating point numbers
- Size, accuracy and speed
- Single and double precision
- Binary coded decimal (BCD)
- Quiz time 4
- 5. An introduction to logic gates and their uses
- Opening and closing gates
- What decides the output voltage?
- The NOT gate
- A truth table
- AND gate
- The NAND gate
- The OR gate
- The NOR gate
- The XOR gate
- The XNOR (or ENOR) gate
- Quiz time 5
- 6. Registers and memories
- A flip-flop or bistable
- A register
- Shift registers
- Rotate registers
- Memories
- RAM
- Accessing memory
- Two types of RAM
- Memory organization
- Three types of ROM
- Pin layout of an EPROM
- Pin layout of a SRAM
- Pin layout of a DRAM
- Some more memories that don’t fit into the general pattern
- Memory maps
- Quiz time 6
- 7. A microprocessor-based system
- The clock
- Buses
- Input/output circuits
- A practical microprocessor system
- How it all works
- Another look at the address decoder
- Full and partial decoding
- Quiz time 7
- 8. A typical 8-bit microprocessor
- An 8-bit microprocessor – the Z80180
- Inside of the central processing unit (CPU)
- Note
- Interrupts
- Power saving
- How the system works
- The fetch–execute cycle
- Quiz time 8
- 9. Programming – using machine code and assembly
- Machine code
- The problems with machine code
- Assembly language, the second generation language
- Summary of assembly language
- Quiz time 9
- 10. High-level languages
- Third-generation languages
- Fortran
- Basic
- Cobol
- Pascal
- C
- Java
- Fourth-generation languages
- Lisp
- APL
- Prolog
- The future
- Quiz time 10
- 11. The development of microprocessors and microcontrollers
- Micros are getting bigger – and faster
- How do we measure the speed of a microprocessor?
- FLOPS (FLoating-point Operations Per Second)
- How to make a microprocessor go faster?
- Making more use of each clock pulse
- RISC and CISC
- Who did what, when
- The microcontroller
- Increasing the number of bits
- Where do we go from here?
- Games machines
- Quiz time 11
- 12. The Pentium family
- 13. The PowerPC
- 14. The Athlon XP
- 15. Microcontrollers and how to use them
- Getting ready for takeoff
- The start of the microcontroller
- Most microcontrollers are similar
- The 8051
- AVR 8-bit RISC microcontrollers
- The PIC16F84A
- Quiz time 15
- 16. Using a PIC microcontroller for a real project
- Getting started
- The hardware
- The software
- The programming steps
- Connecting the LEDs
- Using a crystal
- A modification to the program
- Quiz time 16
- 17. Interfacing
- Interrupts
- Parity
- Data transmission
- Analog to digital conversion (A to D or ADC or A–D)
- Digital to analog conversion (DAC)
- Serial and parallel transmission
- Serial transmission
- Choice of systems
- An optic fibre link
- Quiz time 17
- 18. Test equipment and fault-finding
- What’s gone wrong now?
- Don’t make the problem worse
- Tests we can make without test equipment
- Simple test equipment
- A serious piece of test equipment
- Quiz time 18
- Appendix A: Special function register file
- Appendix B: PIC 16CXXX instruction set
- Further reading
- Quiz time answers
- Содержание книги
- Популярные страницы
Оглавление статьи/книги
- Preface
- 1. Basic microprocessor systems
- 2. Binary – the way micros count
- 3. Hexadecimal – the way we communicate with micros
- 4. How micros calculate
- 5. An introduction to logic gates and their uses
- 6. Registers and memories
- 7. A microprocessor-based system
- 8. A typical 8-bit microprocessor
- 9. Programming – using machine code and assembly
- 10. High-level languages
- 11. The development of microprocessors and microcontrollers
- 12. The Pentium family
- 13. The PowerPC
- 14. The Athlon XP
- 15. Microcontrollers and how to use them
- 16. Using a PIC microcontroller for a real project
- 17. Interfacing
- 18. Test equipment and fault-finding
- Appendix A: Special function register file
- Appendix B: PIC 16CXXX instruction set
- Further reading
- Quiz time answers
- Содержание книги
- Популярные страницы
Похожие страницы
- Initialization and association
- CHAPTER 4 Functions and Libraries in mikroC
- DirectX Tutorial 4: Full Screen and Depth Buffers
- Logging In to and Working with Linux
- Burning CDs and DVDs in Fedora
- Configuring and Managing Print Services
- Creating and Configuring Local Printers
- Displaying Free and Used Memory with free
- Choosing Backup Hardware and Media
- Beyond the Network and Onto the Internet
- Starting and Stopping Apache
- Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers