Книга: Iptables Tutorial 1.2.2
State match
State match
The state match extension is used in conjunction with the connection tracking code in the kernel. The state match accesses the connection tracking state of the packets from the conntracking machine. This allows us to know in what state the connection is, and works for pretty much all protocols, including stateless protocols such as ICMP and UDP. In all cases, there will be a default timeout for the connection and it will then be dropped from the connection tracking database. This match needs to be loaded explicitly by adding a -m state statement to the rule. You will then have access to one new match called state. The concept of state matching is covered more fully in the The state machine chapter, since it is such a large topic.
Table 10-28. State match options
| Match | --state |
| Kernel | 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6 |
| Example | iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED |
| Explanation | This match option tells the state match what states the packets must be in to be matched. There are currently 4 states that can be used. INVALID, ESTABLISHED, NEW and RELATED. INVALID means that the packet is associated with no known stream or connection and that it may contain faulty data or headers. ESTABLISHED means that the packet is part of an already established connection that has seen packets in both directions and is fully valid. NEW means that the packet has or will start a new connection, or that it is associated with a connection that has not seen packets in both directions. Finally, RELATED means that the packet is starting a new connection and is associated with an already established connection. This could for example mean an FTP data transfer, or an ICMP error associated with a TCP or UDP connection. Note that the NEW state does not look for SYN bits in TCP packets trying to start a new connection and should, hence, not be used unmodified in cases where we have only one firewall and no load balancing between different firewalls. However, there may be times where this could be useful. For more information on how this could be used, read the The state machine chapter. |
Оглавление книги
- Addrtype match
- AH/ESP match
- Comment match
- Connmark match
- Conntrack match
- Dscp match
- Ecn match
- Hashlimit match
- Helper match
- IP range match
- Length match
- Limit match
- Mac match
- Mark match
- Multiport match
- Owner match
- Packet type match
- Realm match
- Recent match
- State match
- Tcpmss match
- Tos match
- Ttl match
- Unclean match