Книга: Iptables Tutorial 1.2.2

Realm match

Realm match

The realm match is used to match packets based on the routing realm that they are part of. Routing realms are used in Linux for complex routing scenarios and setups such as when using BGP et cetera. The realm match is loaded by adding the -m realm keyword to the commandline.

A routing realm is used in Linux to classify routes into logical groups of routes. In most dedicated routers today, the Routing Information Base (RIB) and the forwarding engine are very close to eachother. Inside the kernel for example. Since Linux isn't really a dedicated routing system, it has been forced to separate its RIB and Forwarding Information Base (FIB). The RIB lives in userspace and the FIB lives inside kernelspace. Because of this separation, it becomes quite resourceheavy to do quick searches in the RIB. The routing realm is the Linux solution to this, and actually makes the system more flexible and richer.

The Linux realms can be used together with BGP and other routing protocols that delivers huge amounts of routes. The routing daemon can then sort the routes by their prefix, aspath, or source for example, and put them in different realms. The realm is numeric, but can also be named through the /etc/iproute2/rt_realms file.

Table 10-26. Realm match options

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