Книга: C# 2008 Programmer

Explicit Interface Members Implementation

Explicit Interface Members Implementation

A class can implement one or more interfaces. To implement a member in an interface, you simply need to match the member name and its signature with the one defined in the interface. However, there are times when two interfaces may have the same member name and signature. Here's an example:

public interface IFileLogging {
 void LogError(string str);
}
public interface IConsoleLogging {
 void LogError(string str);
}

In this example, both IFileLogging and IConsoleLogging have the same LogError() method. Suppose that you have a class named Calculation that implements both interfaces:

public class Calculation : IFileLogging, IConsoleLogging {}

The implementation of the LogError() method may look like this:

public class Calculation : IFileLogging, IConsoleLogging {
 //---common to both interfaces---
 public void LogError(string str) {
  Console.WriteLine(str);
 }
}

In this case, the LogError() method implementation will be common to both interfaces and you can invoke it via an instance of the Calculation class:

Calculation c = new Calculation();
//---prints out: Some error message here---
c.LogError("Some error message here");

In some cases, you need to differentiate between the two methods in the two interfaces. For example, the LogError() method in the IFileLogging interface may write the error message into a text file, while the LogError() method in the IConsoleLogging interface may write the error message into the console window. In that case, you must explicitly implement the LogError() method in each of the two interfaces. Here's how:

public class Calculation : IFileLogging, IConsoleLogging {
 //---common to both interfaces---
 public void LogError(string str) {
  Console.WriteLine(str);
 }
 //---only available to the IFileLogging interface---
 void IFileLogging.LogError(string str) {
  Console.WriteLine("In IFileLogging: " + str);
 }
 //---only available to the IConsoleLogging interface---
 void IConsoleLogging.LogError(string str) {
  Console.WriteLine("In IConsoleLogging: " + str);
 }
}

This example has three implementations of the LogError() method:

? One common to both interfaces that can be accessed via an instance of the Calculation class.

? One specific to the IFileLogging interface that can be accessed only via an instance of the IFileLogging interface.

? One specific to the IConsoleLogging interface that can be accessed only via an instance of the IConsoleLogging interface.

To invoke these implementations of the LogError() method, use the following statements:

//---create an instance of Calculation---
Calculation c = new Calculation();
//---prints out: Some error message here---
c.LogError("Some error message here");
//---create an instance of IFileLogging---
IFileLogging f = c;
//---prints out: In IFileLogging: Some error message here---
f.LogError("Some error message here");
//---create an instance of IConsoleLogging---
IConsoleLogging l = c;
//---prints out: In IConsoleLogging: Some error message here---
l.LogError("Some error message here");

Another use of explicit interface member implementation occurs when two interfaces have the same method name but different signatures. For example:

public interface IFileLogging {
 void LogError(string str);
}
public interface IConsoleLogging {
 void LogError();
}

Here, the LogError() method in the IFileLogging interface has a string input parameter, while there is no parameter in the IConsoleLogging interface. When you now implement the two interfaces, you can provide two overloaded LogError() methods, together with an implementation specific to each interface as illustrated here:

public class Calculation : IFileLogging, IConsoleLogging {
 //---common to both interfaces---
 public void LogError(string str) {
  Console.WriteLine("In LogError(str): " + str);
 }
 public void LogError() {
  Console.WriteLine("In LogError()");
 }
 //---only available to the IFileLogging interface---
 void IFileLogging.LogError(string str) {
  Console.WriteLine("In IFileLogging: " + str);
 }
 //---only available to the IConsoleLogging interface---
 void IConsoleLogging.LogError() {
  Console.WriteLine("In IConsoleLogging");
 }
}

As you can see , the first two LogError() methods are overloaded and are common to both interfaces. This means that you can access them via an instance of the Calculation class. The next two implementations are specific to the IFileLogging and IConsoleLogging interfaces and can be accessed only via an instance of each interface:

//---create an instance of Calculation---
Calculation c = new Calculation();
//---prints out: In LogError()---
c.LogError();
//---prints out: In LogError(str)---
c.LogError("Some error message here");
//---create an instance of IFileLogging---
IFileLogging f = c;
//---prints out: In IFileLogging: Some error message here--- 
f.LogError("Some error message here");
//---create an instance of IConsoleLogging---
IConsoleLogging l = c;
//---prints out: In IConsoleLogging--- 
l.LogError();

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