Книга: Iptables Tutorial 1.2.2
MASQUERADE target
MASQUERADE target
The MASQUERADE target is used basically the same as the SNAT target, but it does not require any --to-source option. The reason for this is that the MASQUERADE target was made to work with, for example, dial-up connections, or DHCP connections, which gets dynamic IP addresses when connecting to the network in question. This means that you should only use the MASQUERADE target with dynamically assigned IP connections, which we don't know the actual address of at all times. If you have a static IP connection, you should instead use the SNAT target.
When you masquerade a connection, it means that we set the IP address used on a specific network interface instead of the --to-source option, and the IP address is automatically grabbed from the information about the specific interface. The MASQUERADE target also has the effect that connections are forgotten when an interface goes down, which is extremely good if we, for example, kill a specific interface. If we would have used the SNAT target, we may have been left with a lot of old connection tracking data, which would be lying around for days, swallowing up useful connection tracking memory. This is, in general, the correct behavior when dealing with dial-up lines that are probably assigned a different IP every time they are brought up. In case we are assigned a different IP, the connection is lost anyways, and it is more or less idiotic to keep the entry around.
It is still possible to use the MASQUERADE target instead of SNAT even though you do have a static IP, however, it is not favorable since it will add extra overhead, and there may be inconsistencies in the future which will thwart your existing scripts and render them "unusable".
Note that the MASQUERADE target is only valid within the POSTROUTING chain in the nat table, just as the SNAT target. The MASQUERADE target takes one option specified below, which is optional.
Table 11-10. MASQUERADE target options
| Option | --to-ports |
| Example | iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p TCP -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-31000 |
| Explanation | The --to-ports option is used to set the source port or ports to use on outgoing packets. Either you can specify a single port like --to-ports 1025 or you may specify a port range as --to-ports 1024-3000. In other words, the lower port range delimiter and the upper port range delimiter separated with a hyphen. This alters the default SNAT port-selection as described in the SNAT target section. The --to-ports option is only valid if the rule match section specifies the TCP or UDP protocols with the --protocol match. |
Note Works under Linux kernel 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6.
Оглавление книги
- ACCEPT target
- CLASSIFY target
- CLUSTERIP target
- CONNMARK target
- CONNSECMARK target
- DNAT target
- DROP target
- DSCP target
- ECN target
- LOG target options
- MARK target
- MASQUERADE target
- MIRROR target
- NETMAP target
- NFQUEUE target
- NOTRACK target
- QUEUE target
- REDIRECT target
- REJECT target
- RETURN target
- SAME target
- SECMARK target
- SNAT target
- TCPMSS target
- TOS target
- TTL target
- ULOG target
- What's next?