Книга: Standard Template Library Programmer

multiset

multiset<Key, Compare, Alloc>

Category: containers

Component type: type

Multiset is a Sorted Associative Container that stores objects of type Key. Multiset is a Simple Associative Container, meaning that its value type, as well as its key type, is Key. It is also a Multiple Associative Container, meaning that two or more elements may be identical.

Set and multiset are particularly well suited to the set algorithms includes, set_union, set_intersection, set_difference, and set_symmetric_difference. The reason for this is twofold. First, the set algorithms require their arguments to be sorted ranges, and, since set and multiset are Sorted Associative Containers, their elements are always sorted in ascending order. Second, the output range of these algorithms is always sorted, and inserting a sorted range into a set or multiset is a fast operation: the Unique Sorted Associative Container and Multiple Sorted Associative Container requirements guarantee that inserting a range takes only linear time if the range is already sorted.

Multiset has the important property that inserting a new element into a multiset does not invalidate iterators that point to existing elements. Erasing an element from a multiset also does not invalidate any iterators, except, of course, for iterators that actually point to the element that is being erased.

int main() {
 const int N = 10;
 int a[N] = {4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 5, 1, 0};
 int b[N] = {4, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 0, 1, 5, 5};
 multiset<int> A(a, a + N);
 multiset<int> B(b, b + N);
 multiset<int> C;
 cout << "Set A: ";
 copy(A.begin(), A.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
 cout << endl;
 cout << "Set B: ";
 copy(B.begin(), B.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
 cout << endl;
 cout << "Union: ";
 set_union(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
 cout << endl;
 cout << "Intersection: ";
 set_intersection(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
 cout << endl;
 set_difference(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(), inserter(C, C.begin()));
 cout << "Set C (difference of A and B): ";
 copy(C.begin(), C.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
 cout << endl;
}

Defined in the standard header set, and in the nonstandard backward-compatibility header multiset.h.

Multiple Sorted Associative Container, Simple Associative Container

• Key is Assignable.

• Compare is a Strict Weak Ordering whose argument type is Key.

• Alloc is an Allocator.

None.

All of multiset's members are defined in the Multiple Sorted Associative Container and Simple Associative Container requirements. Multiset does not introduce any new members.

[1] This member function relies on member template functions, which at present (early 1998) are not supported by all compilers. If your compiler supports member templates, you can call this function with any type of input iterator. If your compiler does not yet support member templates, though, then the arguments must either be of type const value_type* or of type multiset::const_iterator.

Associative Container, Sorted Associative Container, Simple Associative Container, Multiple Sorted Associative Container, set, map, multimap, hash_set, hash_map, hash_multiset, hash_multimap

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