Книга: Standard Template Library Programmer
Sorted Associative Container
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Sorted Associative Container
Category: containers
Component type: concept
Description
A Sorted Associative Container is a type of Associative Container. Sorted Associative Containers use an ordering relation on their keys; two keys are considered to be equivalent if neither one is less than the other. (If the ordering relation is case-insensitive string comparison, for example, then the keys "abcde" and "aBcDe" are equivalent.)
Sorted Associative Containers guarantee that the complexity for most operations is never worse than logarithmic [1], and they also guarantee that their elements are always sorted in ascending order by key.
Refinement of
Reversible Container, Associative Container
Associated types
Two new types are introduced, in addition to the types defined in the Associative Container and Reversible Container requirements.
X::key_compare |
The type of a Strict Weak Ordering used to compare keys. Its argument type must be X::key_type. |
X::value_compare |
The type of a Strict Weak Ordering used to compare values. Its argument type must be X::value_type, and it compares two objects of value_type by passing the keys associated with those objects to a function object of type key_compare. |
Notation
X A type that is a model of Sorted Associative Container
a Object of type X
t Object of type X::value_type
k Object of type X::key_type
p, q Object of type X::iterator
c Object of type X::key_compare
Valid expressions
In addition to the expressions defined in Associative Container and Reversible Container, the following expressions must be valid.
| Name | Expression | Return type |
|---|---|---|
| Default constructor | X()X a; |
|
| Constructor with compare | X(c)X a(c); |
|
| Key comparison | a.key_comp() |
X::key_compare |
| Value comparison | a::value_compare() |
X::value_compare |
| Lower bound | a.lower_bound(k) |
iterator if a is mutable, otherwise const_iterator. |
| Upper bound | a.upper_bound(k) |
iterator if a is mutable, otherwise const_iterator. |
| Equal range | a.equal_range(k) |
pair<iterator, iterator> if a is mutable, otherwise pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>. |
Expression semantics
| Name | Expression | Semantics | Postcondition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Default constructor | X()X a; |
Creates an empty container, using key_compare() as the comparison object. | The size of the container is 0. |
| Constructor with compare | X(c)X a(c); |
Creates an empty container, using c as the comparison object. | The size of the container is 0. key_comp() returns a function object that is equivalent to c. |
| Key comparison | a.key_comp() |
Returns the key comparison object used by a. | |
| Value comparison | a::value_compare() |
Returns the value comparison object used by a. | If t1 and t2 are objects of type value_type, and k1 and k2 are the keys associated with them, then a.value_comp()(t1, t2) is equivalent to a.key_comp()(k1, k2). |
| Lower bound | a.lower_bound(k) |
Returns an iterator pointing to the first element whose key is not less than k. Returns a.end() if no such element exists. | If a contains any elements that have the same key as k, then the return value of lower_bound points to the first such element. |
| Upper bound | a.upper_bound(k) |
Returns an iterator pointing to the first element whose key is greater than k. | Returns a.end() if no such element exists. If a contains any elements that have the same key as k, then the return value of upper_bound points to one past the last such element. |
| Equal range | a.equal_range(k) |
Returns a pair whose first element is a.lower_bound(k) and whose second element is a.upper_bound(k). |
Complexity guarantees
key_comp() and value_comp() are constant time.
Erase element is constant time.
Erase key is O(log(size()) + count(k)). [1]
Erase range is O(log(size()) + N), where N is the length of the range. [1]
Find is logarithmic. [1]
Count is O(log(size()) + count(k)). [1]
Lower bound, upper bound, and equal range are logarithmic. [1]
Invariants
| Definition of value_comp | If t1 and t2 are objects of type X::value_type and k1 and k2 are the keys associated with those objects, then a.value_comp() returns a function object such that a.value_comp()(t1, t2) is equivalent to a.key_comp()(k1, k2). |
| Ascending order | The elements in a Sorted Associative Container are always arranged in ascending order by key. That is, if a is a Sorted Associative Container, then is_sorted(a.begin(), a.end(), a.value_comp()) is always true. |
Models
• set
• multiset
• map
• multimap
Notes
[1] This is a much stronger guarantee than the one provided by Associative Container. The guarantees in Associative Container only apply to average complexity; worst case complexity is allowed to be greater. Sorted Associative Container, however, provides an upper limit on worst case complexity.
[2] This definition is consistent with the semantics described in Associative Container. It is a stronger condition, though: if a contains no elements with the key k , then a.equal_range(k) returns an empty range that indicates the position where those elements would be if they did exist. The Associative Container requirements, however, merely state that the return value is an arbitrary empty range.
See also
Associative Container, Hashed Associative Container
Оглавление книги
- Associative Container
- Simple Associative Container
- Pair Associative Container
- Sorted Associative Container
- Hashed Associative Container
- Hash Function
- Unique Associative Container
- Multiple Associative Container
- Unique Sorted Associative Container
- Multiple Sorted Associative Container
- Unique Hashed Associative Container
- Multiple Hashed Associative Container
- Multiple Associative Container
- Associative Container
- Multiple Hashed Associative Container
- Метод Sorted
- Associative Containers
- Simple Associative Container
- Pair Associative Container
- Hashed Associative Container
- Unique Associative Container
- Unique Sorted Associative Container
- Multiple Sorted Associative Container
- Unique Hashed Associative Container