Книга: Microsoft Windows Embedded CE 6.0 Exam Preparation Kit

Glossary

Glossary

Application Programming Interface (API) An API is the function interface that an operating system or library provides to support requests from application programs.

Application Verifier (AppVerifier) AppVerifier enables developers to find subtle programming errors, such as heap corruption and incorrect handle usage, that can be difficult to identify with normal application testing

Asynchronous Access When two or more threads access the same buffer at the same time.

Binary Image Builder (.bib) A bib file defines which modules and files are included in a run-time image.

Boot Loader Piece of code executed at the processor startup to initialize the processor and then launch an operating system.

Board Support Package (BSP) A BSP is the common name for all board hardware- specific code. It typically consists of the boot loader, the OEM adaptation layer (OAL), and board-specific device drivers.

Catalog A container of components that presents a selectable feature for an OSDesign to the user.

Debugger Extension Commands (CeDebugX) CeDebugX is an extension to the Platform Builder debugger. It presents detailed information about the state of the system at break time and attempts to diagnose crashes, hangs, and deadlocks.

Windows Embedded CE Test Kit (CETK) The CETK is a tool you can use to test device drivers that you develop for the Windows Embedded CE operating system.

Cloning During cloning, you generate an exact copy of files to keep a secure copy of them before performing modifications. Code in the PUBLIC folder should always be cloned before making modifications.

Component A CE feature that can be added to or removed from an OS Design using the catalog.

Core Connectivity (CoreCon) Windows CE supports a unified communications infrastructure called Core Connectivity that enables full-featured connectivity for downloading and debugging.

Critical Section An object with a synchronization process that is similar to a mutex object. The difference is that a critical section can only be accessed by the threads of a single process.

Data Marshaling A process done on data to check the access rights and validity of the data for a different process.

Debug Zone A flag to enable or disable debug messages related to a certain functionality or mode of a driver.

Device Driver A device driver is software that manages the operation of a device by abstracting the functionality of a physical or virtual device.

Dirs File A Dirs file is a text file that specifies the subdirectories that contain source code to be built.

Embedded Pointer A pointer embedded in a memory structure.

Environment Variable A Windows environment variable that can enable or disable features. It is generally used to configure the build system and OS design from the catalog

Event Synchronization objects used by threads and the kernel to notify other threads in the system.

Exception An exception is an abnormal situation that happens while a program is running.

Iltiming Iltiming determines interrupt service routine (ISR) and interrupt service thread (IST) latencies on a Windows Embedded CE system.

Interrupt A trigger that suspends (interrupts) the system temporarily to indicate that something has happened that requires processing. Each interrupt on a system is associated with a particular Interrupt Request (IRQ) value and this IRQ value is associated with one or more ISR.

Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) An ISR is a software routine that hardware invokes in response to an interrupt. ISRs examine an interrupt and determine how to handle it by returning a SYSINTR value, which is then associated with an IST.

Interrupt Service Thread (IST) The IST is a thread that does most of the interrupt processing. The OS wakes the IST when the OS has an interrupt to process. After each IST is associated to a SYSINTR value, the SYSINTR value can be returned from an ISR, and then the associated IST runs.

IRQ (Interrupt Request) IRQ values are associated in hardware with interrupts. Each IRQ value can be associated with one or more ISRs that the system will run to process the associated interrupt when it is triggered.

Kernel Debugger The kernel debugger integrates functionality required to configure a connection to a target device and download a run-time image to the target device. It allows the debugging of the OS, abbreviate drivers, and applications.

Kernel Independent Transport Layer (KITL) The KITL is designed to provide an easy way to support debugging services.

Kernel-Mode Driver A driver that runs in the kernel's memory space.

Kernel Tracker This tool provides a visual representation on a development workstation of OS and application events occurring on a Windows Embedded CE-based device.

Layered Driver A driver that is separated into several layers to make it easier to maintain and reuse code at a later date.

Model Device Driver (MDD) The MDD layer of a layered driver has a standardized interface to the OS and Platform Device Driver (PDD) layer and performs all hardware independent processing related to the driver.

Monolithic Driver A driver that is not separated into different layers. It can also mean any driver that does not conform to the standard Model Device Driver (MDD)/Platform Device Driver (PDD) layer architecture of CE, even if the driver does have its own layering scheme.

Mutex A mutex object is a synchronization object whose state is set to signaled when it is not owned by any thread and nonsignaled when it is owned. A mutex can only be owned by a single thread at a time. It is used to represent a resource that should only be accessed by one thread at any given time, such as a global variable or a hardware device.

Native Driver Touchscreen, Keyboard and Display drivers are the only native drivers existing in Windows Embedded CE and are managed by GWES rather than Device Manager.

OEM adaptation layer (OAL) An OAL is a layer of code that logically resides between the Windows Embedded CE kernel and the hardware of your target device. Physically, the OAL is linked with the kernel libraries to create the kernel executable file.

Operating System Benchmark (OSBench) A tool that is used to measure the performance of the scheduler.

OS Design A Platform Builder for Windows Embedded CE6 R2 project that generates a customized binary runtime image of the Windows Embedded CE6 R2 operating system

Platform Dependent Driver (PDD) The PDD layer of a layered driver is the part that interfaces directly with hardware and performs any hardware-specific processing.

Power Manager Controls the power consumption of the system by assigning a power state between D0 (fully on) and D4 (fully off) to the system as a whole and to individual drivers. It coordinates transitions between these states based on user and system activity, as well as specified requirements.

Process A process is a program in Windows Embedded CE. Each process can have multiple threads. A process can run in either user space or in kernel space.

Production Quality OAL (PQOAL) The PQOAL is a standardized OAL structure that simplifies and shortens the process of developing an OAL. It provides you with an improved level of OAL componentization through code libraries, directory structures that support code reuse, centralized configuration files, and a consistent architecture across processor families and hardware platforms.

Quick Fix Engineering (QFE) Windows Embedded CE patches that are available from Microsoft's website. They fix bugs and provide new features.

Reflector Service The service that allows user mode drivers to access the kernel and hardware by performing requests on their behalf.

Registry The information store for Windows Embedded CE that contains configuration information for hardware and software components.

Remote Performance Monitor This application can track the real-time performance of the operating system. It can also track memory usage, network latencies, and other elements

Run-time image The binary file that will be deployed on a hardware device . It also contains the complete operating system required files for applications and drivers.

Semaphore A semaphore object is a synchronization object that protects access to a hardware or software resource, allowing only a fixed number of concurrent threads to access it. The semaphore maintains a count between zero and a specified maximum value. The count is decremented each time a thread completes a wait for the semaphore object and incremented each time a thread releases the semaphore. When the count reaches zero, no more threads can access the resource protected by the semaphore. The state of a semaphore is set to signaled when its count is greater than zero and nonsignaled when its count is zero.

Shell The shell is the software that will interpret user interactions with the device. It launches when the device starts up. The default shell is called AYGShell and includes a desktop, start menu, and taskbar similar to those in desktop versions of Windows.

Software Development Kit (SDK) Used to allow third-party developers to make applications for a customized Windows Embedded CE6 R2 run-time image

Sources File A Sources file is a text file that sets macro definitions for the source code in a subdirectory. Build.exe uses these macro definitions to determine how to compile and link the source code.

Stream Interface Driver A stream interface driver is any driver that exposes the stream interface functions, regardless of the type of device controlled by the driver. All drivers other than the native drivers managed by GWES export a stream interface.

Subproject A set of files that you can easily integrate, remove and reuse in an OSDesign.

Synchronization Objects A synchronization object is an object whose handle can be specified in one of the wait functions to coordinate the execution of multiple threads.

Synchronous Access When two or more separate threads are working with the same buffer. Only one thread can access the buffer at any given time and no other threads access the buffer until the current thread is finished with it.

Sysgen The Sysgen phase is the first step in the build process done to filter the public and BSP folders. It identifies the files associated with the components selected in an OSDesign. During this phase, components selected in the OS Design are linked into executables and copied into the OS Design's folder.

Sysgen Variable A directive to the sysgen phase of the CE build process where selected CE features are linked together.

SYSINTR The value that corresponds to an IRQ. It is used to signal an associated event. This value is returned by an ISR in response to an interrupt.

Target Control Shell A shell in Platform Builder for Visual Studio providing access to debugger commands. The target control shell will be available when attached to a target system through KITL.

Thread The smallest software unit that the scheduler can manage on the OS. There can be multiple threads in a single driver or application.

User Mode Drivers loaded in user mode and all applications run in user memory space. When they are in this mode, drivers and applications do not have direct access to hardware memory and have restricted access to certain APIs and the kernel.

Virtual Memory Virtual memory is a way of abstracting the physical memory in a system to appear contiguous to processes that use it. Each process in Windows Embedded CE 6.0 R2 has two gigabytes of virtual memory space available, and to access physical memory from a process this memory must be mapped into the virtual address space of the process using MmMapIoSpace or OALPAtoVA.

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