Книга: Practical Common Lisp
Subsequence Manipulations
Subsequence Manipulations
Another set of functions allows you to manipulate subsequences of existing sequences. The most basic of these is SUBSEQ, which extracts a subsequence starting at a particular index and continuing to a particular ending index or the end of the sequence. For instance:
(subseq "foobarbaz" 3) ==> "barbaz" is also
(subseq "foobarbaz" 3 6) ==> "bar"
SUBSEQSETFable, but it won't extend or shrink a sequence; if the new value and the subsequence to be replaced are different lengths, the shorter of the two determines how many characters are actually changed.
(defparameter *x* (copy-seq "foobarbaz"))
(setf (subseq *x* 3 6) "xxx") ; subsequence and new value are same length
*x* ==> "fooxxxbaz"
(setf (subseq *x* 3 6) "abcd") ; new value too long, extra character ignored.
*x* ==> "fooabcbaz"
(setf (subseq *x* 3 6) "xx") ; new value too short, only two characters changed
*x* ==> "fooxxcbaz"
You can use the FILL function to set multiple elements of a sequence to a single value. The required arguments are a sequence and the value with which to fill it. By default every element of the sequence is set to the value; :start and :end keyword arguments can limit the effects to a given subsequence.
If you need to find a subsequence within a sequence, the SEARCH function works like POSITION except the first argument is a sequence rather than a single item.
(position #b "foobarbaz") ==> 3
(search "bar" "foobarbaz") ==> 3
On the other hand, to find where two sequences with a common prefix first diverge, you can use the MISMATCH function. It takes two sequences and returns the index of the first pair of mismatched elements.
(mismatch "foobarbaz" "foom") ==> 3
It returns NIL if the strings match. MISMATCH also takes many of the standard keyword arguments: a :key argument for specifying a function to use to extract the values to be compared; a :test argument to specify the comparison function; and :start1, :end1, :start2, and :end2 arguments to specify subsequences within the two sequences. And a :from-end argument of T specifies the sequences should be searched in reverse order, causing MISMATCH to return the index, in the first sequence, where whatever common suffix the two sequences share begins.
(mismatch "foobar" "bar" :from-end t) ==> 3
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