Книга: Embedded Linux Primer: A Practical, Real-World Approach
6.1.2. File System Layout
6.1.2. File System Layout
Where space is a concern, many embedded systems developers create a very small root file system on a bootable device (such as Flash memory) and later mount a larger file system from another device, perhaps a hard disk or network NFS server. In fact, it is not uncommon to mount a larger root file system right on top of the original small one. You'll see an example of that when we examine the initial ramdisk (initrd) later in this chapter.
A simple Linux root file system might contain the following top-level directory entries:
.
|
|--bin
|--dev
|--etc
|--lib
|--sbin
|--usr
|--var
|--tmp
Table 6-1 details the most common contents of each of these root directory entries.
Table 6-1. Top-Level Directories
| Directory | Contents |
|---|---|
| bin | Binary executables, usable by all users on the system[47] |
| dev | Device nodes (see Chapter 8, "Device Driver Basics") |
| etc | Local system-configuration files |
| lib | System libraries, such as the standard C library and many others |
| sbin | Binary executables usually reserved for superuser accounts on the system |
| usr | A secondary file system hierarchy for application programs, usually read-only |
| var | Contains variable files, such as system logs and temporary configuration files |
| tmp | Temporary files |
The very top of the Linux file system hierarchy is referenced by the forward slash character (/) by itself. For example, to list the contents of the root directory, one would type this:
$ ls /
This produces a listing similar to the following:
root@coyote:/# ls /
bin dev etc home lib mnt opt proc root sbin tmp usr var
root@coyote:/#
This directory listing contains directory entries for additional functionality, including /mnt and /proc. Notice that we reference these directory entries preceded by the forward slash, indicating that the path to these top-level directories starts from the root directory.
Оглавление книги
- 2.3.4. Flash File Systems
- 4.2.5. Subdirectory Layout
- 6.1. Root File System
- 6.1.1. FHS: File System Hierarchy Standard
- 5.2.1.1. Секция Files
- Shared Cache file
- Безопасность внешних таблиц. Параметр EXTERNAL FILE DIRECTORY
- Chapter 13. rc.firewall file
- System tools used for debugging
- Integrated Secure Communications System
- 4.3.3. Makefile Targets
- Папка _layouts